Bill Gates: the Man Behind the Success of Microsoft

William Henry â€Å"Bill† Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third, in 2011 he was the wealthiest American and the second wealthiest person. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6. percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000. Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman

The Comparison of Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner

The Comparison of Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner One name that jumps out at the mention of psychology, or the study there of, is the name of Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud is also known as the â€Å"Father of Psychoanalysis. † Freud was also known for having the tendency to trace nearly all psychological problems back to sexual issues. Although only parts of his theory of psychosexual development are still accepted by mainstream psychologists, Freud's theory of the Oedipal Complex has become a cultural icon (Freud, Sigmund, 2012).Freud is known for developing the use of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is based on the observation that people are often unaware of many of the things that determine their emotions and behavior. Psychoanalytic treatment demonstrates how the unconscious affects current relationships and patterns of behavior. It then helps track them back to past experiences, such as in childhood, and helps people to deal better with how past experiences then affect the ir current adult life (Freud, Sigmund, 2012).Freud’s contributions that often comes to mind while thinking of psychoanalysis include the therapy couch, the use of talk therapy, and his theories about the unconscious which include the role of repression, denial, sublimation, and projection. (â€Å"The Individual†) Freud also incorporated the use of dream analysis and the study of dreams. While working with his patients, they began to spontaneously tell their dreams. Freud became interested in dreams and the revelations that they could provide as doors to the inner psyche (â€Å"The Individual†).He soon systematically included interpretation of dreams in psychoanalysis, as well as hypnosis and free association of the dreams that had been revealed. Freud was one of the first psychologists to utilize hypnosis in therapy. Freud's interest in what lay beyond the conscious mind and in the practice of hypnotism and what led hysteria eventually led him to study with the famous neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot of the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris (â€Å"The Individual†). When Freud returned to Vienna, he began using hypnosis, massage, and pressure on the head to get patients to dredge up thoughts elated to their symptoms. Only later did he ask them to say whatever crossed their minds. This he called â€Å"free association,† and had already been described as the â€Å"talking cure† (â€Å"The Individual†). Just as Freud is known as the father of Psychoanalysis, B. F. Skinner is often referred to ask the â€Å"the father of operant conditioning. † B. F. Skinner is also known for major contributions to the field of psychology (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). Skinner was a prolific author, publishing nearly 200 articles and more than 20 books.Skinner was most known for his work in behavior psychology. Behavioral psychology is the psychological practice that focuses on learning new behaviors and how to modify our exist ing behavior and how that takes place (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). One of his major contributions was his theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning means roughly, the changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement, either positive or negative, and which these reinforcements are given after the desired response (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012).Skinner identified three types of responses or operant that can follow behavior. While behaviorism is no longer a dominant school of thought, the work in operant conditioning remains today. Many different types of professionals utilize operant conditioning in society today. Mental health professionals often utilize operant techniques when working with clients (â€Å"The Individual†). Teachers frequently use reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior of their students in the classroom. Animal trainers even rely on these techniques to train dogs and other animals.In order to study Operant conditioning and it’ s affects on rats, Skinner developed a device known as the Skinner Box. This was used in lab experiments to judge the outcome of certain stimuli on rats and how their behavior would change from said stimuli (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). Skinner was an inventor of many things. He also worked on a product which he called, â€Å"The Baby Tender†. The â€Å"baby tender† was developed due to his wife’s concern that there was a need for a safer crib, where there wouldn’t be worries of the infant’s extremities getting caught in between the bars.The â€Å"baby tender† was an enclosed and heated crib with a plexiglass window. Unfortunately, the â€Å"baby tender† was confused with the Skinner box that was used in experiments in rats (About B. F. Skinner, Sept, 2012). Skinner did not do conditioning experiments on babies in the baby tender; it was developed as simply a safer crib for newborns. Both the ideas of Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skin ner have had major influences in the field of psychology and psychological practices.Both Freud and Skinner have influenced how psychology is used in therapy on patients; as well as practical uses that leave the clinical realm, and can be used in everyday life. Resources â€Å"B. F. Skinner Foundation – About B. F. Skinner. † B. F. Skinner Foundation – About B. F. Skinner. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. † Freud, SigmundA []. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"SECTION TWO The Individual: Therapy and Theory. † The Individual: Therapy and Theory. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"Sigmund Freud. † Sigmund Freud. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012

A pizzeria business plan

A pizzeria business plan Executive Summary This is a business plan for a Pizzeria based on producing a differentiated product in a premium location. The objective is to differentiate the operation from any other restaurant operation based on the concept of superior quality food based on the exclusive use of premium natural ingredients for every element of the product delivered from a conventional cheese and tomato pizza to the unique menu items. At the same time the operation is such that its environmental footprint is minimized and it operates in a manner that maximizes social responsibility in every facet of its operation. Pricing relative to other Pizzerias will be premium, but compared to most of the restaurants in the same quality bracket very competitive. The longer-term plan will involve additional Sofian Eat restaurants on either an owned or franchised basis or a combination of the two. This initial plan is for the pilot operation, which will serve as a model for future openings of Sofian Eat. Essen tials to success The planned operation is a restaurant. The underlying keys to successful restaurant operation are good food served in a clean and pleasant atmosphere. These are a ‘given’ in any successful restaurant, but in themselves are not sufficient to create any great success. â€Å"Positioning is an underleveraged restaurant marketing component. Positioning is the place you hold in the customers or prospects mind relative to the competition (the cheaper choice, the higher quality choice, et cetera). Effective positioning involves incorporation of your Unique Selling Proposition (U.S.P.).†[1] (Quantified Marketing Group, 2010) In Sofian Eat success will depend on creating a unique â€Å"product† based on the publics concern for the environment and the wholesomeness of food. This will be incorporated into a unique ambiance and menu that will provide a dining experience that hopefully customers will enjoy and wish to repeat. An important element in the overall concept is that because Sofian Eats is dedicated to concepts concerning the environment and natural food, which the client is aware of and approve, they will have an underlying â€Å"good feeling† about what they are doing when they enjoy a meal at Sofian Eats. In Principles of Marketing Dr. Philip Kotler uses the fast food industry as an example of marketing being used to sell. â€Å"Shoddy, harmful or unsafe products†, and bemoans the fact that this American approach to restaurant marketing is catching on in Europe.[2] The marketing approach used in this project is unashamedly copied from another American Company, Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream that takes a totally opposite approach.[3] While not as successful as McDonald’s, Ben & Jerry’s built a business from a single tiny location to a major company and the founders finally sold the company to Unilever in 2000. 1.0 Terms of Reference 1.1 To 1.2 From These three items are not ordinarily a par t of a business plan, and I am not totally clear on what is wanted here. Clearly, I cannot fill in â€Å"to and from†. I suspect that the three items involves only a few words with the possible exception of â€Å"terms of reference†. I will gladly write something for you about this as a revision if you can tell me what it is supposed to do. Thanks. Your writer

Marketing transportation assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing transportation assignment - Essay Example This process goes through a machine. The machine has three compartments. Bottles that come from the roll conveyor get into the machine for successive treatment. The bo0ttles are cleaned in the frost compartment with a small amount t of caustic soda at a temperature of 100 to 115 F. In the second compartment the bottles are again rewashed with a small amount of caustic soda at a temperature of 120F.now to the third compartment, the bottles are rinsed again with sort ware for another ten minutes (Kachru, 693). In this place, syrup is prepared from filtered water, sugar and the concentrate. The room is filtered with several tanks where the first one is heating tank where syrup is actually prepared. Here the amount of sugar concentrate is heated up to 850 F where a saturated solution is made (Kachru, 693). The filled bottles are then crowned with plastic or metallic caps to protect the purity of the content .They are then branded with the necessary information by the help of laser machine for its supply in the market .the bottles are then lifted manually from the conveyor and packed. After all this process then the wholesalers take the beverages from the pepsin manufacturer and distribute it to the wholesaler (Kachru,

Intelligence Challenges in Homeland Security Essay

Intelligence Challenges in Homeland Security - Essay Example Government and policy maker should consider intelligence community activities are welcomed just as civil liberty is respected. Moreover, the acceptance of the intelligence community activates ease the tension created through their course of duties. Public debate and civil society’s participation also ensure that people understand the reason and purpose of the intelligence community.2 The security of a country depends on the success or failure of the intelligence community. Intelligence community has grown over for more than 30 years and has evolved with the advent of new technology to support the functions of government in the provision of services to the citizens. Therefore, a balance between civil liberty and intelligence community ensures that people are secured with all that government offers, and their life is protected.3 The current governments are formed through a democratic process and, therefore, intelligence community need to respects the values of democracy to deceive it activities with dictatorship. One of the important measures that balances civil liberty with the intelligence community is the institutionalization of civil society.4 I agree that civil liberties hinder efficient collection of intelligence information from individuals and corporations. The right of liberty guarantees people from surveillance by people and government without their knowledge. Therefore, to ensure that security is guaranteed by the government agencies civil liberties and intelligence community activities should strike a balance. I concur that the engagement of civil societies and public debate ensures that people understands the roles of the intelligence community and thus offers assistance rather that threatening on civil suits. However, public participation may post a threat to national security as not all information is supposed to be shared, it is essential to make people aware of the need for intelligence collection. I agree that the intelligence

Parity conditions in International Finance and Currency Forecasting Essay

Parity conditions in International Finance and Currency Forecasting - Essay Example These global investors are encouraged by the differences that exist among countries in the return rates on assets that are comparable. The theory also proposes that the exchange rate value on the foreign exchange market is affected by the transactions that are undertaken on the financial account of a country (Mukherjee, 2002). Madura, (2014) says that, the interest rate parity is an equilibrium. Why is this so? The author notes that, when the exchange and the interest rates are made to change and adjust to the forces in the market in a way that the interest arbitrage is not achievable, then an equilibrium results. The equilibrium is termed as the interest parity. Hence, when an equilibrium exists, the forward rate varies from the spot rate by an adequate extent. The variation is to such an extent that it counterbalances the interest rate differential among the countries’ currencies. For example, if an investor from the US obtains a greater rate of interest from his or her foreign investment; and he or she has to pay extra per entity of the country’s currency than what he or she obtains per entity when the country’s currency is sold forward, then there is a counterbalancing influence. Hence, if the investor has invested in the UK and the UK pound has an interest rate of 4%, while the equivalent in the US has an interest rate of 1%. Then, the two currencies’ interest rate differential is 3% (4 – 3). It implies that the interest rate differential is the profit the investors presume. However, the exchange rate must remain constant if the profit is to hold (Grath, 2011). In the example, the â€Å"pay extra per entity of the country’s currency†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is what is termed as the spot rate. While, â€Å"what he or she obtains per entity when the country’s currency is sold forward,† is known as the forward rate. Normally, when the spot rate is more than the forward rate, then a discount is in the

Art peried Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art peried - Assignment Example o flourished during the period between the two great wars, when the west face steep industrialization that had an outstanding impact on their culture, and it was unique style as it did embrace technology, in fact, this is the major distinguishable factor from the early organic motifs and the much-loved earlier style, the Art Nouveau. Sheumaker and Wajda (2008), Art Deco rejected excessive historicism, and instead relied on a style that suited the modern times, ad traversed very many field which included architecture, fashion, transportation, graphic design, furniture and amongst others. During this period, Art Deco was a symbol of opulence, mystique, and energy. Historical analysis of the style points to an architect Le Corbusier as the one who coined the term in 1925 to refer to arts expo during the same year. In the United States, the Empire State Building in New York architectural style had a heavy influence from the Art Deco style. The Art Deco has achieved a certain level of renaissance as more people opt to incorporate it bold and lavish colours to the comfort of their homes. In fact, the Art Deco is some of the latest trending ideas that could potentially be available throughout human existence on earth. The Art Deco provides an allowance for a creation of a genuinely unique home interiors and shows to the world creativity and sense of style. Art lovers do love to portray accents in Art Deco and turn rooms to spectacular pieces of arts. In decorate an interior, it is important to add the French chic into the present interior art, to match with the Room furniture and featuring straight lines or curvy shapes, monochromatic and contrasting color combinations. Further, exuberant finishes and lavish fabrics are added plus decoration outlines that have zigzags, stripes, chevrons. Finally to the living room, spare some prominent wallpaper patterns add drama and glamour  so that the modern interior design and hom e decorating achieves the style of the great Art

Health and human services capstones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health and human services capstones - Essay Example ype of contracting does not comply with the market principles, in practice, however it is based on long term associations between the government and the contracting agency. The question to privatize health and human services arises when the government is required to deliver more with less money because of the falling revenues and rising costs. The government, by employing privatization programs, is able to increase its revenue, reduce costs and better utilize the private capital for health and human services and facilities. The government is still responsible for the provision and the quality of HHS, though the contracting party is actually providing the services. This type of privatization is attained through an Invitation to Bid (ITB) or a RFP process (Request for Proposal). In the RFP process, the concerned government agency takes proposals from all qualified businesses entailing the cost and the methodology of providing human and health services to the people. The decision is made on the basis of the quality and efficiency of the services being provided most economically rather than considering the cost of the service alone. On the other hand, an invitation to bid refers to the method taking the standard sealed competitive bids in which the government usually accepts the lowest bid for the desired job. Contracts can be classified in to various forms such as the unit price contracts, fixed price contracts and cost plan contracts. It is imperative that the contractor is held accountable for the quality and efficiency of the service, as per standards, by the government and the desired performance of providing such services should be clearly

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Service Industries Case Study

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Service Industries - Case Study Example Most of the companies always have the door to door service after purchasing a product from their organization. This is always a relief of the transportation issue as some commodities are always bulky and difficult to transport. The online shopping is always time convenient and a customer can get a good or service at any time he or she orders as the organizations always operate in 24 hours (Anderson & Young, 2001). Another important factor that consumers always like in the e-commerce organizations or rather the online shopping is due to the fact that there are always a variety of commodities and services at different prices thus every customer will always get an opportunity of selecting what he or she desires at a price affordable to the consumer. The BlueFly incorporation is one of the top online businesses in the United States of America. It is known for its great sales of designer shoes and accessories for both men and women within the United State and internationally (Innes & Mitchell, 2010). It is widely known for its best services thus it always sells greatly across all nations. The Company experiences high sales since it offers its customers with a perfect and superior shopping experience by providing value and a high level of customer service that creates loyalty in the customers. The BlueFly incorporation is always using one of the modern technologies available thus it has developed electronic commerce innovations such as personalization of shopping services and the browse and search features are easy to use making even the illiterate customers able to use. Doing shopping at the BlueFly incorporation is always absolutely fast and safe as there are systems of simple procedures, the credit transactions are very secure plus a convenient communication of customers through their e-mail addresses and the shipping of bulky goods is also done directly without any inconveniences

The benefits of employees embracing and understanding the employers Research Paper

The benefits of employees embracing and understanding the employers CORE values - Research Paper Example When employees understand the company core values, they prove aligned with the company’s objectives. Values are long-term drive for mission and goal achievement. When these values are well formulated, stated, and understood, they make a business prosper. Concisely, values have played inevitable roles in a company such as, guiding business processes, articulation what the company stands for, governing and controlling employees relationships and guiding the organization on how to reward employees and the society as a whole (Rossenfield, 2009). They also offer guidelines on how to teach and train employees and decision-making. Values are thus key aspects for every organization focused towards organizational goals and objects as they contribute significantly to these. Benefits of core value It is arguable that, a company with well-set and understood cores value performs excellently. This is for the reason that, the working atmosphere is restricted by those principles; processes ar e conceded out within the standards. This makes sure that employees remain focused on the mission of the company. As a result, assets are well utilized, and high profits are acknowledged. When employees understand and work within the company value, they feel that their working environment is favorable. As such, the employee will show their increased interest to work for the organization for a long time (Blanchard, 2009). In return, there is talent retention and prospective employees with new talents and technology would be very willing to join such an organization. When a company has high employees’ retention, it cuts down on costs associated with recruiting and retraining new employees. Furthermore, core values persuade best people into a company by attracting, advancing, and maintaining the excellent personnel. Values test employees and consequently subject them to a constructive approach towards tribulations and decision-making processes. When employees identify with and h old on to the core values, customers are happy and willing to be linked with the company. As a result, customers have a propensity to purchase more, purchase time after time, and even share the experience amongst friends who come to purchase to have a feel of the company. This tightens the connection between the customer and the business hence a long-term bond between the company and the customers. This guarantees client value formation by remaining receptive and focused to customer needs and value delivery (Rossenfield, 2009). Core values ensure that there is one global network and a standard product. For example, if a company has several branches or outlets, these core values are applicable to all its outlets, therefore, maintaining a standard product quality and services (Blanchard, 2009). This creates a condition whereby customers experience exceptional service. In addition, core values govern employees’ personal relationships as they lay the platform on how interactions are to be done. The explanation of this is that the set code of conduct in the company helps create a healthy relationship. When employees behave as expected, chances of conflicts are minimal, eventually helping each of them to present their expected results towards the company’s growth. The management have smooth running because theirs is a clear cut on how employees should respond to their supervisors therefore, it enhances obedience and respect in a company.

The Century Quilt Essay Example for Free

The Century Quilt Essay Marilyn Waniek’s â€Å"The Century Quilt† employs symbolism to relay a young girl’s emotional attachment of a grandmothers’ blanket to that of her own quilt. Waniek’s depiction of the quilt not only serves as a reminder of how passionate the young girl felt about her grandmother’s blanket, but also how she envisioned her quilt to share similar properties that embodied her grandmother’s blanket. In lieu of the literal concept of using the quilt to keep her warm, the speaker suggests that he quilt will tie-in with her grandmother’s blanket in that the memories of her childhood would be preserved. This relationship allows the reader to interpret the symbolic importance of the quilt to that of the girl’s personal desires. It can also be inferred that the quilt also served as a reference to the speaker’s heritage. When describing her quilt, the speaker describes a pattern of squares with the colors of white, brown, and â€Å"the yellowbrown of Mama’s cheeks† (Line 17). These repeating patterns of squares most likely pay homage to the speaker’s mixed heritage, with her family being of both Native American and Caucasian descent. The speaker’s heritage is supported by her visions of her grandmother’s childhood back in Kentucky â€Å"among her yellow sisters; their grandfather’s white family† (Lines 25-26). While one could argue that the speaker is simply reciting the life of her grandmother, it can also be said that the speaker is optimistic about her own future, and that she herself would relive her memories whilst under the quilt, such as meeting her unconceived son. The speaker’s desire to share the same emotional response to her quilt as her grandmother to her blanket signifies the priority Waniek placed symbolism.

La Live Dance Concert Essay Example for Free

La Live Dance Concert Essay One of the remarkable dancing show that I have seen during the semester is the dance show called â€Å"Flower of the Season†. The dance show contains four pieces and each of the piece was performed by different performers- â€Å"Kudzu† choreographed by Kim Nakakura, â€Å"Lupin† choreographed by Amnnelien Goetschalckx, â€Å"Grey Stem† choreographed by Cat Westwood, and there was one untitled piece choreographed by Eric Losoya. â€Å" The Flower of the Season† was performed at Electric Lodge. Though I had no idea of how the dancers would be performed, but I was so excited since it was the first time I went to see a dance performance. I expected that I would be so relaxed while watching the gentler poses and saltant performances by the dancers. However, as the show began, I realized this was not a kind of dance show I had been imagined. The first piece began with the performer standing at the entrance. While people were passing through the performer and to grab a seat waiting for the show to begin, the performer was still standing at the entrance emotionlessly, and I was wondering if that was a part of the show. After all the audiences had their seats and silently watching the dancer, she finally started to move into the stage extremely slowly. It was funny to me at first, but after the dancer moved to the center of the stage, I was so impressed when I saw her face that was hidden behind her long hair. Her eye was fulled with upset and pain, and then she even began to cry. Although there were limited dancing techniques in the show, the performer successfully conveyed a sense of hopeless to the audiences. Before I can be dispassionate from recollecting the emotions and performances of the dancer in the first piece, the â€Å"Grey Stem† began with the performer rapped by a bag and slowly rolled down from the stair. As she reached to the stage, the dancer was released and began waving her arms as she was swimming in the ocean. The whole piece seemed to illustrate a sorrowful story that a person was abandoned and She was trying to find the way to home without any help from others. At the end of the show, I felt that It was glad to be there. Though the interpretations of the pieces played in the show might vary between the audiences but I enjoyed the whole show would never forget all the impression that I had received from the show.

Carbon Membranes from Polyamideimide and Polyetherimide

Carbon Membranes from Polyamideimide and Polyetherimide CARBON MEMBRANES FROM POLYAMIDEIMIDE AND POLYETHERIMIDE FOR NITROGEN AND METHANE SEPARATION AND ITS PARAMETER STUDY ABSTRACT Carbon membranes prepared from polyamideimide and polyetherimide were studied to find out the effects of different parameters on membrane characteristics. Their properties were analyzed to understand its scope in methane purification. Different compositions were tried to find out the optimum polymer composition as well as the optimum blend composition. They were pyrolyzed at various temperatures to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology of the membrane. Efforts have been made for obtaining a narrow pore distribution as nitrogen and methane have comparable sizes. Analysis of the microstructure of membranes using XRD confirms the variations in chain packing density and d-spacing of polymer chains as a result of a change in pyrolysis temperature. CHN analysis revealed the percentage composition of different elements in the membrane as it was important to control amount of oxygen in the membrane. Glass transition temperature is found using DSC to confirm perfect blen ding of polymers. TGA has been done to find out how the polymer composition affects degradation temperature and to study the chemical changes occurring during pyrolysis. SEM images, both cross section, and surface have been taken to analyze pore structure of the membrane. Keywords: Polyetherimide, Polyamideimide, Pyrolysis, XRD, SEM, CHN. INTRODUCTION Membranes have been widely received as a promising technology in gas separation processes. This is due to its high reliability, low capital investment and low energy usage which overshadow conventional gas separation techniques such as cryogenic distillation, liquid absorption, pressure swing adsorption etc. These established conventional techniques are known for their complexity in processes and high energy intensity. For this reason, researchers are making efforts for an alternative way that promises to give high-cost effectiveness and easy handling (1). Polymer membranes have been widely studied for their application in gas separating units, but they always faced drawbacks like low thermal and chemical stability. Henceforth studies have been focused on carbon membranes, which are the novel and advanced type of membranes. They have been giving promising results ever since and marked a new benchmark for the selectivity of gasses. Excellent ability to withstand high temperature and chemicals made carbon membranes a new branch of study for the researchers to follow. (2) Carbon membranes are prepared by pyrolysing polymer membranes. Pyrolysis is the most significant step in the preparation of carbon membrane. There are different pyrolysis factors that affect membrane properties. During pyrolysis the parameters like pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, atmospheric condition, soaking time etc. can influence the transport properties of the membrane. These factors are chosen wisely based on the application of the membrane. (3) Material selection is the prime factor concerning in preparation of carbon membrane. There are wide varieties of precursor polymers available for preparation of carbon membrane (4). Selection of polymer is the important factor as pyrolysis of different polymer gives carbon membrane with entirely different properties. The precursor polymer should satisfy minimum criteria such as it should not soften nor liquefies during pyrolysis. It should be able to withstand high temperature (5). Polyamidimides and polyetherimides are being recently studied and are found to be giving satisfactory results due to its high melting point and thermal stability (6). Fuertes and Centeno used polyetherimide to prepare supported carbon membrane for gas separation (7). They conducted gas permeability studies for individual gasses as well as for many mixtures of gasses. They also used phenolic resins for their studies (8). Different polymers are always blended to effectively combine the desirable properties of the blending polymers. Gas separation properties of carbon membranes are enhanced while combining different materials. New studies are going on investigating the blending techniques for an optimized result (9). Pore size control is one of the most challenging factors in carbon membrane preparation. Nitrogen and methane is having a kinetic diameter of 3.6 °A and 3.8 °A respectively (10). So in order to separate them by molecular sieving very narrow pore distribution has to be obtained. To get very specific pore size, pyrolysis temperature was changed accordingly. Two types of polymers were chosen so as to understand the effect of individual polymer on membrane properties. Membrane parameters such as polymer concentration, pyrolysis temperature were varied to understand the morphological as well as chemical changes taking place in the membrane. Comparison of carbon membrane with polymer membrane was carried out, which showed interesting results that can be further used to study gas permeation properties of the membranes. Results revealed that these membranes can be used for the separation process of nitrogen from methane. EXPERIMENTAL Material Polyamideimide (PAI) polymer and Polyetherimide (PEI) polymer which are required for the preparation of polymer membrane were purchased from UTM, Malaysia. N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was the solvent used and it was purchased from Merck Life Science Private Limited, Mumbai, India. Methanol used for washing was bought from Titan Biotech Limited, Rajasthan, India.   Acetone was purchased from Merck Specialities Private Limited, Mumbai, India. All reagents were used without any further purification. Polymer Membrane Preparation Polymers that were chosen for preparation were polyamideimide and polyetherimide. The solvent used was N-Methyl-2- pyrolidone. The polymer concentration in NMP was varied from 2- 20 wt.% as shown in the Table 1. Different batches of polymer solution were prepared by dissolving the corresponding amount of polymer in 25ml NMP. Polyamideimide-polyetherimide ratio in the solution was varied as 25/75%, 50/50%, 75/25%, 0/100% and prepared different batches accordingly. For complete dissolution, the solution was kept for magnetic stirring for 3 hrs. The temperature was increased up to 80oC occasionally for 10 minutes, to avoid undissolved particles in the solution. Later the solution was sonicated in a sonication bath. The solution was then casted on a glass plate using a casting rod. The casting rode that was used has a dimension of 450ÃŽ ¼m. The glass plate was kept in the atmosphere for two days for evaporation of the solvent. Later it was kept inside a vacuum oven at 60oC for complete r emoval of NMP. Table 1: Polymer Batches Sample Code Total Polymer (%) PAI/PEI wt percentage (%) PM-01 2 25/75 PM-02 9 25/75 PM-03 12 25/75 PM-04 15 25/75 PM-05 18 25/75 PM-06 20 25/75 Carbon Membrane Preparation Polymer membrane was cut into a rectangular piece and transferred into an alumina crucible. It was then kept inside a tubular furnace by VBCC   for pyrolysis. It was a horizontal furnace with alumina tube. Nitrogen environment was chosen for pyrolysis. The flow rate of nitrogen was kept at 25ml/min. Polymer membranes with PAI/PEI composition of 25/75% was only further used for making carbon membrane as they showed good structural stability compared to other batches. For pyrolysis different protocols were followed. The protocols are as shown below, 1) 50 to 250 oC at a ramp rate of 13.3 Co/min.(2) 250 oC to (Tmax-15) oC at a ramp rate of 3.85 Co/min.(3) (Tmax-15) oC to Tmax oC at a ramp rate of 0.25 Co/min.(4) Soak at Tmax for 2 h. (11)   After pyrolysis, it was kept for natural cooling before taking out. The different batches of carbon membranes based on different pyrolysis protocol were prepared as given in the Table 2. Polymer membrane with 9% polymer concentration was the membrane used for studying different pyrolysis protocols. Table 2: Carbon Membrane Batches Sample Code Total Polymer (%) Pyrolysis Temperature(oC) CM-01 2 600 CM-600 9 600 CM-450 9 450 CM-800 9 800 CM-03 12 600 CM-04 15 600 CM-05 18 600 CM-06 20 600 Characterization of Synthesized Membranes Various techniques were employed for the characterization of polymer as well as their derivative carbon membranes. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to find out glass transition temperature of polymer membranes and to study the blending of polymers. Under nitrogen atmosphere, scans from 50 to 450oC at the heating rate of 10oC/min were performed on a DSC Perkin Elmer model 6000. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the thermal degradation of the polymer membranes. Degradation temperature of the membrane, as well as the weight loss during the process, is analyzed. It was carried out on a TGA Perkin Elmer 4000 model, in nitrogen atmosphere at a flow rate of 30 mL min-1. The temperature range was from 50 up to 750 oC. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) was used to study the structural changes in membrane due to variation in pyrolysis temperature. Perkin Elmer 1621 wide-angle X-ray diffractometer was the instrument used to study the microstructural changes in membrane. Using Braggs law the average d-spacing of the membrane was evaluated. It is as shown below, nÃŽ » = 2d sin ÃŽ ¸, where n is an integral number, ÃŽ » is the X-ray wavelength, d is for the inter-layer spacing between the polymer chains and ÃŽ ¸ is   the diffraction angle. CHN analysis was conducted to study the variation in the elemental composition with pyrolysis temperature. Elementar Vario EL was the equipment used here for analysis. Compostion of oxygen was found using separate apparatus. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to get pore size of the membrane as well as get a closer image of the membrane. JEOL Model JSM 6390LV is the model used for the analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physical properties Both PAI and PEI met the requirements for preparing carbon membrane with promising results. While contents of PAI in membrane made the membrane more brittle, which is due to its aromatic rings, (10) PEI gave structural support to the membrane. So PAI/PEI content was fixed at 25/75% for all the batches later on. As two polymers are used, the miscibility of the precursors has to be tested and glass transition temperature of the membrane was taken as the criteria for the evaluation. For the polymer blends, Tg was found to be in between of that of individual polymers. Tg of PEI and PAI are 217 °C and 280 °C respectively. And from the Table 3 it is clear that both the polymers are completely miscible and was perfectly blended together. Table 3: Glass Transition Temperature Sample Code PAI/PEI wt Percentage (%) Glass Transition Temperature (oC) PM-25 25/75 233 PM-50 50/50 249 PM-75 75/25 265 PM-100 0/100 219 Effect of polymer concentration on thermal characteristics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unlike polymer membrane, carbon membrane was thermally and chemically stable. Thermal stability is analyzed by TGA. TGA analysis of all polymer membranes is shown in Figure 1. It shows that concentration does not have much effect on degradation temperature of membranes. But it gives an insight into chose the pyrolysis protocol that has to be followed. There are different pyrolysis protocols for preparation of carbon membranes, based on type of precursors used, one protocol is fixed. Figure 1: Thermal analysis of Polymer Membranes Figure 1 illustrates the weight variation of polymer membranes during the heating process up to 800 °C. According to the TGA thermo-diagram, the degradation temperature (Td) is 550 °C and was defined as the temperature corresponding to 15% weight loss. This indicates the high thermal resistance of the membrane. The total weight loss at 800 °C, with 10 °/min heating rate, was approximately 60%. The enhanced thermal stability of the membrane highlights its quality as a precursor for the preparation of carbon molecular sieve membranes. Effect of polymer concentration on structure of membrane Figure 2: XRD of Carbon Membrane of different concentrations Effect of polymer concentration on structure of carbon membrane is shown in Figure 2. As the concentration of polymer was increased from 2% to 20%, peak intensification took place, resulting in a more compact structure. Pore size was reduced and membrane with higher packing density is formed. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on microstructure of membrane Structural analysis on carbon membranes was done by obtaining XRD spectra as a function of pyrolysis temperature. As shown in Figure 3, the XRD spectrum for membrane prepared at 450oC is a merger of two peaks at 22.7o and 18.8o. With increase in pyrolysis temperature, the peaks joined into a single but intensified peak with a shift toward the smaller pore sizes; indicating a decrement in average d-spacing. Figure 3: XRD of Carbon Membrane prepared at different temperatures d-spacing in carbon membrane refers to interlayer distances, with increase in temperature more compact structures are formed. 800  °C was found to be the optimum pyrolysis temperature as membrane having high density and packing efficiency are formed at this temperature. (1) Effect of pyrolysis temperature on membrane composition In order to study how pyrolysis temperature changed the chemical composition of the membrane, elemental analysis has been conducted for both polymers as well as carbon membrane. In Figure 4, the point zero in x-axis corresponds to precursor membrane and it has the lowest carbon content and they started to increase with increase in pyrolysis temperature. However other elemental contents like oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen was reduced with increase in temperature. Presence of oxygen compounds in the carbon membrane surface can make the membrane more hydrophilic and can cause swelling of membranes (11). For the better performance of carbon membrane oxygen content has to be less than 4% (12).When pyrolysis temperature in increased, oxygen content is reduced. Membrane prepared at 800oC has oxygen content less than 4%. So the effect of pyrolysis temperature on hydrophilictiy of the carbon membrane was tested to study the influence of oxygen in the membrane. From the Table 4 it is clear that as pyrolysis temperature is increased, amount of water absorbed is decreased, thus increasing the hydrophobic nature of carbon membranes. This can be explained by the reduction in oxygen containing group in membrane with pyrolysis temperature. Figure 4: Elemental analysis of membranes Table 4: Hydrophilicity of carbon membranes Sample-Code Pyrolysis Temperature ( °C) Wet weight of the membrane (g) Dry weight of the membrane (g) Amount of water absorbed (g) CM-450 450 0.0588 0.0553 0.0035 CM-600 600 0.0523 0.0503 0.0020 CM-800 800 0.0687 0.0607 0.0008 Morphology of Membranes The surface and cross-section morphologies of carbon membranes as well as polymer membranes were investigated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) techniques. Surface image of polymer membrane is shown in Figure 6. It shows a smooth and defect free surface without any deformation. Cross section of the polymer membrane is also shown below. Compared to carbon membrane it does not have uniform pore distribution. All the pores are elongated pores and the membrane formed is very dense. Thickness of polymer membrane was found to be 250ÃŽ ¼m. The honey-comb structure of carbon membrane shows the pore structure in the membrane (Figure 5). It is clear from the image that the membrane is rich in pores and has quite a uniform pore distribution. The membrane was having a sponge-like matrix unlike polymer membrane. This uniform pore distribution allows carbon membrane to have high selectivity over polymer membrane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (b) Figure 5: SEM images: (a) Top surface and (b) Cross section of Carbon Membrane   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (b) Figure 6: SEM images: (a) Top surface and (b) Cross section of PolymerMembrane CONCLUSION Different polymer blends were tried for the preparation of polymer membrane and membranes derived from Polyamideimde/Polyetherimide (25/75wt.%) exhibited more attractive performance than the other blends. Polymer concentration was varied from 2-20% and at 9%   it was found to be exhibiting best results. Polymer membranes prepared from PAI/PEI were transparent hydrophilic membranes. Polymer membranes were thermally unstable compared to carbon membrane and were found to have degradation temperature around 450oC. Complete miscibility of both the polymers was confirmed and the glass transition temperature of the polymer membrane was also found. For the preparation of carbon membrane different protocols were followed for pyrolysis, and 800oC was found to be the optimum temperature for pyrolysis. Thermal analysis of membrane had conducted, which proved the higher thermal stability of the carbon membrane. Morphological studies shows that carbon membrane prepared at 800oC have desirable pore size compared to other membranes prepared at lower temperatures. XRD studies of the carbon membrane showed that as temperature increases, more compact membranes are obtained, which decreases the permeability of the membrane. All the membranes have shown promising results that can be further investigated for gas separation studies. References 1. Carbon membranes from blends of PBI and polyimides for N2/CH4 and CO2/CH4. Seyed Saeid Hosseini, Tai Shung Chung. s.l. : Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, Vol. 328. 174-185. 2. A review on the latest development of carbon membranes for gas separation. A.F. Ismail, L.I.B. David. s.l. : J. Membr. Sci., 2001, Vol. 193. 1. 3. Fabrication of carbon membranes for gas separationa review. S.M. Saufi, A.F. Ismail. s.l. : Carbon, 2004, Vol. 42. 241-259. 4. Gas permeation through micropores of carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from kapton polyimide. Suda H, Haraya K. s.l. : Chem B, 1997, Vol. 101. 3988-94. 5. DH, Morthon-Jones. Polymer processing. London : Chapman and Hal, 1984. Chapter 2. 6. Relationship between chemical structure of aromatic polyimides and gas permeation properties of their carbon molecular sieve membranes. H.B. Park, Y.K. Kim, J.M. Lee, S.Y. Lee, Y.M. Lee. s.l. : J. Membr. Sci., 2004, Vol. 229. 117. 7. Carbon molecular sieve membranes from polyetherimide. Fuertes AB, Centeno TA. s.l. : Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 1998, Vol. 26. 23-6. 8. Supported carbon molecular sieve membranes based on phenolic resin. Centeno TA, Fuertes AB. s.l. : J Membr Sci, 1999, Vol. 160. 201-211. 9. Gas separation properties of carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from polyimide/polyvinylpyrrolidone blends: effect of the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Y.K. Kim, H.B. Park, Y.M. Lee. s.l. : of the molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2005, Vol. 251. 159. 10. Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Dipak Rana, Takeshi Matsuura ,Henry C. Foley. Carbon-based Membranes for Separation Processes. London : Springer, 2011. 11. Carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from Matrimid polyimide for nitrogen/methane separation. Xue Ning, William J. Koros. s.l. : Carbon, 2014, Vol. 66. 5 1 1 5 2 2. 12. Interaction, miscibility and phase. E. Fà ¶ldes, E. Fekete, F.E. Karasz, B. Pukà ¡nszky. s.l. : Polymer, 2000, Vol. 41. 975. 13. Gas permeation and micropore structure of carbon molecular sieving membranes modified by oxidation. Kusakabe K, Yamamoto M, Morooka S. s.l. : J Membr Sci , 1998, Vol. 149. 59-67. 14. Characterization of ultramicroporous carbon membranes with. Jones CW, Koros WJ. s.l. : Ind Eng Chem Res, 1995, Vol. 34. 158-163.

Production History of Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Production History—Hamlet William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is one of the most produced plays of all time. Written during the height of Shakespeare’s fame—1600—Hamlet has been read, produced, and researched by more individuals now than during Shakespeare’s own lifetime. It is has very few stage directions, because Shakespeare served as the director, even though no such official position existed at the time. Throughout its over 400 years of production history, Hamlet has seen several changes. Several textual cuts have been made, in addition to the liberties taken through each production. In recent years, Hamlet has seen character changes, plot changes, gender role reversals, alternate endings, time period shifts, and thematic alternations, to name only a few creative liberties modern productions of Hamlet have taken. The story is brilliant. A brooding young prince, scorned by those he loves, betrayed by his Uncle, and yet â€Å"too much in the Sun† to accept defeat. Revenge, sexual tension, bloodshed, and tears—Hamlet has it all. Hamlet is a relatable character to an audience on a multitude of levels. Whether one is coming into their own, accepting major changes in their lives, feeling betrayed by loved ones, or merely experiencing a lover’s quarrel, they can certainly relate to Hamlet. Above all, Hamlet exudes the one element inherent to all human beings—a strong sense of pride, perhaps excessively so. Hamlet begins on a dark night in Denmark’s Elsinore Castle. The ghost of recently deceased king, Hamlet’s father, is discovered by a pair of watchmen, followed by Horatio, and eventually Hamlet. The ghost informs Hamlet that he has been wronged by his brother Claudius, who coveting the throne, and after successfully plotting and murdering... ..., Kean made no such revolutionary changes. He is credited with being the first to break from the psychological consistency the Hamlet character always seems to have. Kean’s Hamlet reacted calmly, with affection and eagerness upon seeing his father’s ghost. Also, Kean is the first to depict Hamlet as treating Ophelia lovingly, rather than somewhat brutally. Ophelia was portrayed as a significant character in this production, which was a first. In later productions, Ophelia’s character gains incredibly prominence, as women’s rights progress. In the early 1900s, Hamlet was â€Å"rediscovered.† A resurgence of productions came about, and with the creation of a modern director now in place, several alternations were made. Hamlet was converted into movies, opera, condensed plays, parodies, and even later offshoots were created, such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead.

Top 10 malware of 2004 :: essays research papers

The top 10 malware threats of 2004 as taken from McAfee and defined by Symantec are as followed: Adware-180, Adware-Gator, Exploit-ByteVerify, Exploit-MhtRedir, JS/Noclose, W32/Bagle, W32/Mydoom, W32/Netsky, W32/Sasser, W32/Sdbot (family including sdbot, gaobot, polybot, spybot). The majority of these threats enter into our system under a different alias’ or by hitching a ride on programs we download online.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adware-180 is a spybot that monitors the activity its infectee’s do while online. This program will open up affliated sites when it sees a certain keyword while searching online. When adware-180 is downloaded it creates a name for itself in the Microsoft registry, this registry then can fix itself it only partial parts of the adware are removed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adware-Gator is one that I am ooooh to familiar with. This adware drives me crazy! I will be searching online and all of a sudden down by my time and date a little box will pop up giving me alternative vacation prices or prescription prices. Gator (or gain as it says in my registry) gets downloaded onto the computer either manually or by sneaking itself in with another download. With this adware on the hard drive it allows websites to upload their content to your computer without your knowledge enabling them to display advertisements at the strangest times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Exploit-MhtRedir is a file that is considered â€Å"a malicious website to download and execute programs on your computer†. It’s file type is a Trojan horse, which disguises itself in order to promote unwanted HTML on your computer. This Trojan only affects Microsoft internet explorer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  W32/Mydoom comes in an assortment of different subcategories ranging from category 1 to 2. The majority of the Mydoom worms are a category 2. The mass mailing worm that uses its own smtp to send emails to people listed on the infected computers. It allows unauthorized remote access. Once it finds the addresses of people it sends itself in attachments that say things like read the following attachment, please confirm, please read immediately etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  W32/Sasser is one I think we all remember hearing about. This one gets onto your computer and scans IP addresses to find vulnerable computers. It’s wild threat is medium, the damage it causes is low but the distribution level of this worm is very high. The main threat of this worm is the fact that even though it is unable to infect Windows 95/98/ME it does take up a lot of space making it difficult for such programs as the Symantec removal tool to run.

What the Cinderella Story Has to Teach Young Girls Essay -- Literature

At first glance, what makes a fairy tale a fairy tale may seem obvious—some kind of magic, hidden symbols, repetition, and of course it’s evident it’s fiction—but fables are more than that. As Arthur Schelesinger puts it, it’s about â€Å"[expanding] imagination† and gaining understanding of mysterious places (618). While doing this, it also helps children to escape this world, yet teach a lesson that the reader may not be conscious of. A wonderful story that achieves all of this is Cinderella, but not the traditional tale many American’s have heard. Oochigeaskw, or The Rough-Faced Girl, and Ashputtle would be fitting for a seven-year-old because they get the gears of the mind turning, allowing for an escape on the surface, with an underlying enlightenment for children of the ways of the world. The Rough Faced Girl is the Native American variation of Cinderella. It was originally told in the language of the Algonquin, who resided in the Eastern Woodlands of the United States and greatly differs from all the other stories of Cinderella. This tale’s focus is of an invisible man who will marry the woman who can see him. His sister, who has the ability to view him, cares for him and brings different woman to the wigwam to test their sight of the â€Å"Invisible One† (639). Many woman tried as they might, are unable to see him except one, Oochigeaskw. This woman is the youngest of three siblings, and is treated the poorest—scars covered her body from where her sisters burned her (640). I prefer this story to the rest because there isn’t the use of magic†¦or magic for the woman’s own benefit. Instead, once the sister proves The Rough-Faced Girl can see her brother, she bathes her and all her scars disappear. My interpretation of this is tha t Ooch... ...on. Works Cited Behrens and Rosen. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum 11 ed. Longman, 2011. Print. Bettelheim, Bruno. â€Å"’Cinderella’: A Story of Sibling Rivalry and Oedipal Conflicts†. Behrens and Rosen 651-657. Cullen, Bonnie. â€Å"The Rise of Perrault’s ‘Cinerella’†. Behren and Rosen 645-650. Grimm, Jakob and Wilhelm. â€Å"Ashputtle.† Behrens and Rosen 628-633. â€Å"Oochigeaskw – The Rough-Faced Girl (A Native American ‘Cinderella’). Behrens and Rosen 639-640. Orenstein, Peggy. â€Å"Cinderella and Princess Culture†. Behren and Rosen 670-673. Panttaja, Elisabeth. â€Å"Cinderella: Not so Morally Superior†. Behrens and Rosen 658-661. Poniewozik, James. â€Å"The Princess Paradox†. Behrens and Rosen 666-669. Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. â€Å"What Great Books do for Children†. Behrens and Rosen 617-618. Thompson, Smith. â€Å"Universality of the Folktale†. Behrens and Rosen 619-622.

1984 Skeleton Outline Essay

â€Å"I used to think that cyberspace was fifty years away. What I thought was fifty years away, was only ten years away. And what I thought was ten years away†¦ it was already here. I just wasn’t aware of it yet†. Bruce Sterling (www. brainyquote. com) Technology has helped society achieve great strides in the world today. It has helped us to walk on the moon and find cures for certain cancers. However, technology can also have horrible and devastating effects. This is best illustrated in Orwell’s novel, 1984. Orwell’s novel has been adapted by Michael Radford who captured Orwell’s technologically inclined society through a visual medium. See more: Social process essay Radford’s film portrayed Orwell’s idea of 1984 more effectively. This will be proven through examination of additions and deletions of scenes, cinematography, and casting. Radford’s additions and deletions leave the audience questioning his choice. At the end of the film Radford leaves the audience with unanswered questions, whereas in the novel, Orwell had clear visual clues the answered the questions. â€Å"But it was all right, everything was all right the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (Orwell 311) An affective addition Radford included in his 1984, was towards the end of the film, Julia and Winston were planned to meet up with each other. In the novel, they had not planned to meet and just so happened that they bumped into each other. â€Å"Actually, it was by chance that they had met. It was in the Park, on a vile, biting day in March, when the earth was like iron and all the grass seemed dead and there was not a bud anywhere except a few crocuses which had pushed themselves up to be dismembered by the wind. He was hurrying along with frozen hands and watering eyes when he saw her not ten metres away from him. It struck him at once that she had changed in some ill-defined way. † (IBID 304) Make sure that you state why this quote is significant in proving that Radford was better at depicting Orwell’s vision. In the novel when Winston goes to meet O’Brien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was there with him. In the film when Winston goes to meet O’Brien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was not there, Radford has this addition included to emphasize how much Julia did not care about the Party. Radford`s interpretation of 1984 of additions and deletions was very affective. Radford’s use of cinematography was well done based on Orwell’s vision. With the help of color or if you look at it another way, a lack of colour, the film was meant to be shot in a dull and dreary setting. Radford was able to get across to the viewers, the sense of depression. * (put a quote in here of anything that describes any way that they dress or any of the colors that are described in the novel) Consider the opening couple of paragraphs. You could also talk about the scene in the film where his mother died and compare that to another scene to show how times have changed. Radford used bland and mechanized colors such as grey, navy blue and black. In Radford’s 1984 there was a scene shown of Hurt walking home from work and there was no color but greys, and a small amount of a dull navy blue. The actors in the film were too wearing dull navy uniforms and that was it. This was a perfect representation of the way Radford emphasized how dull the film was. The characters in the film, more specifically, John Hurt and Suzanna Hamilton, were also physically grey looking. Their skin was dead looking and physically sick which helped Radford set the theme of the film. (Use the description of the golden country are they the same in the novel and the film? ) If so how? If not how are they different ? Radford’s character selection was very effective that helped to portray Orwell’s vision. Radford’s 1984 was well cast. John Hurt acted just the way he was described in the novel. Although he did not speak much, Hurt used excellent facial expressions in order to get his point across and to communicate with others. â€Å"Winston Smith (John Hurt) is 39, but he has the skinny, wizened look of a perpetually chilled, undernourished child, whose face is that of an old man. † (www. ovie. nytimes. com) Julia, Suzanna Hamilton, was better depicted in the film than in the novel. â€Å"She brings a captivating freshness and warmth to her role, a little reminiscent of a young Harriet Anderson. Her pale, wiry, broad-hipped body has a simple, unaffected, almost archetypal beauty, and in the film’s more intimate moments, she radiates all the tactile sensual grace of a Munch or Degas nude†. (www. IMBd. com) Hamilton helps to portray Julia being a very rebellious character. In the film, Julia was an upfront kind of character whereas in the novel Julia seemed very closed yet didn’t really say much. Radford’s film adaptation of 1984 does effectively portray Orwell’s vision. This was proven by characters, additions and deletions, cinematography. Radford’s cinematography is an excellent adaptation of Orwell’s plot. The characters were well cast and Orwell’s vision was seen. The additions and deletions are very effective in portraying the vision of 1984. Overall Radford’s film does Orwell’s novel justice. Maybe for your conclusion keep the compare and contrast going. So for example Orwell made many choices about where to place characters in the novel but Radford adding or deleting them was a better choice for the vision as a whole.

Debate Speech Essay

A pleasant afternoon to one and on the whole, affirm in front of you is Alliah Dominique M. Sta. Ana, 3rd positive speaker, opposing the proposition of Mr. Despi that Republic accomplishment No. 10354 as well known as Responsible P benthood and Reproductive health Act of 2012 should be legalize here in the Philippines. Let us all be open minded as I begin.First and Foremost, let me accept you brief information about RH write up. It guarantees the universal access to systems of contraceptions, fertility control, agnatic c atomic number 18 and switch on education.There argon earthy reasons why I stand before my proposition because implementing RH Bill is unconstitutional. Why? It seeks to regulate or go by morality. It criminalizes the practice of faith and religion as well as other cts that are not inherently evil or against public policy. It is socially and economically below the belt and destructive.The law uprightifies the imposition of new taxes and higher(prenom inal) tax rates, government borrowing, price controls, distortions, commodious regulations, that give affect not fair the entire economy but excessively peoples rights. It ordain also benefit certain bussinesses and industries in a monopoly or crony system. Where will they subvert contraceptives, preganancy kits, RH products and equipments, employers fee for their while and service? There are al go under dozens of RH Laws or RH related laws enacted in the past. It seems all of them didnt work. Did they? Because the hardly solution to this problem would be having self control and discipline. I firmly believe that an ordinary person is exposed to be good so it does take to be that everyone, catholic or not, can be disciplined.The main purpose of sex is to make not to satisfy our virtuosos or needs. So if you will fork over sex, bear in mind that its main purpose is to make which is Gods will. Now, if you are to have sex with contraceptives, because that is not called p rocreation. It is called sense gratification or lust which is a strong desire for someone, that way doing sex is purposeless. If you are to have sex without contraceptives, without thought offshoot the consenquences, without family planning, make sure you are ready to face such(prenominal) big responsibility that will change your life.Life is created and is the will of the Lord. How it begins and how it ends is His thing Not ours. When God allowed the process of sex which at the same time is the free will of woman and man which will put that child in a womans womb, whether the let or father is sick, that is His will. And now if you are a follower of God which the RH supporters also claim, and you are spiritually realized, then you must know that you do not have the right to hinder such event or manifestation by killing what is forming or what is inside you.Therefore, I strongly believe that RH circular should not be implented for this will not be created if we just control our selves. This methods will offend the Church and the Catholics, this methods are just expenses, RH Bill will only change the clearer vision of life. It will be such a bad meeting to the country. Bear in mind that we are in a religious country. Besides, inhering Family Planning helps the married partners to strengthen their communication. A baby made with conjugal savor is the result of congenital family planning thats why I prefer natural family planning to be the only method to decrease our population rate. Thats all, thank you and Good Afternoon

Marriage vs. Single Life Essay

Living a private action bay window be importantly diametrical from being get hitched with. A marriage traditionally marks the beginning of a family on the otherwise hand, commonly being unity believes that having a different solo life. A single mortal would open more independence than a get get unify person. The differences among single and unite life tramp from very small to very large, only when in that respect are few core contrasts that show the primary(prenominal) differences between the two lifestyles. One of the significant differences between married and single life is resigndom. People who are married, their life would be much busier than throngs who are single. marry populate have to fulfil care of their children and their partners, while single people do not have family. For instance, if married people necessitate to go give away with their friend, they mustinessiness get consent from their partners, before they go with their friend, whereas single people can choke their time with their friends bothwhere and anytime they want. unite people exp wholenessnt keep their job and their relationship might be outstanding, but from their wedding onward they must always conceptualize as a preserve and married woman. The decisions they make affect their future together. The things they buy have an impact on both of their finances. Everything they do must be considered from their husbands or wifes point of view. When people are single, they simply have to consider their own interests when making decisions, but they are also short the aflame foul that makes hard decisions easier to accept. The countenance difference between married and single people is free time. Being married is a lot like a second job. They have to work at it for it to be successful. Married couples need dedicated time to communicate with champion another and help each other with their emotional and physical stress.Read more Essay of join and Single Lif eThey tend to hang out with their married persons more than they hang out with groups of friends. This is not to mean that they lose their friends, but they do tend to drop off more time at home with one another than they do out and about. Single people have time for themselves therefore, they can choose to spend it with their friends, and they can go on weekend outings or just stay home to playing tv set game. Married couples may choose to do near things either together or separately, but usually with each others approval, while single people may choose to do slightly things by themselves. The third difference between single and married people life is the financial responsibility.Married people have more dependent on and responsibilities for their partner, while single people tend to be more independent, and they have much less responsibility. For example, I am single I am trusty for one person myself. If I lose my job, I am the only person who is going to suffer. However, ma rried people have family, so they need to think about and see with their family, before they make any major decisions. Because married people have their spouse and children to care for, this requires a serious promise.This means that day to day decision making is slightly harder for married people than it is for single people. Also, people who are married split their income of each other, so they can lap up their financial problems easily than single person. To conclude, the married life and the single life are totally different in three aspects the way of us freedom, free time, and financial responsibility. In my view, married life is cave in than single life because married people go their problems, and they can solve their problems with the different opinions of one another.

Chapter 2 Exam †Scarcity and the World of Trade Essay

CHAPTER 2 test scrimpyness and the argona of occupation collide withs duple CHOICE. lead the wholeary alternate that surmount completes the report or answers the question.1)As a school-age child of sparings, when you m bulge forthh of scarceness, you atomic number 18 referring to A)the top exe telescopedive of dienership to utilise solely of its survivals.B) the tycoon of social club to shoot down altogether that it gravels.C)the softness of c tot completelyyer to sate whole piece wants beca social occasion of express resources. D)the exp mavinnt of inn to continu wholey fox expert breakthroughs and aro utilizationing turnout.2)Which of the side by side(p) jell inments is turned?A)As inn alternate magnitudes its wealth, the caper of scarceness disappears. B)The carry outer ins of end product ar practice session to get to trust outs that religious service ships comp whatever gather its wants. C)Even though a nightspot faces the worry of scarcity, it does non inevitably prolong from p ein truth(prenominal) in al single wholly everyplacety. D)Land and toil atomic number 18 twain(prenominal) agentive roles of wargon.3)The caper of frugal scarcity appliesA) solitary(prenominal)(prenominal) in industri distri stillively(prenominal)y genuine countries beca lend unmatchable self-importance resources argon scarce. B) advertise in under create countries beca practice in that location argon no generative resources. C) hardly in scotchal systems that atomic number 18 full first gear to develop beca practise narrow resources atomic number 18 scarce.D)to tho sparing systems, no matter of their take of development.4)In whatever sparingal system, superiors essential be harvesting be earn resources A) be un control, exclusively mankind desires and wants ar circumscribed.B) argon limited, save gentleman desires and wants ar count little.C) ar unbounded, and so ar gentle desires and wants.D) atomic number 18 limited, and so be compassionate race desires and wants.5)The luck price of leaving to college big businessman opera hat be describe as A)the metropolis that moldiness(prenominal) be compensable in direct to elate college.B)the last-placeprecious pick riding habit of the school-age childs cadence. C)the gameest wanted ersatz subroutine of the educatees magazine. D)the assess that the scholar attaches to non working.6)In the yield of repair-hand(a)s and ope score up, portion out glums pull round beca intake A) non exclusively end product is efficacious.B) troupe has un little a limited heart and soul of procreative resources. C) profaneers and sellers a great deal moldiness(prenominal) transact prices.D) homosexualkind wants and ask atomic number 18 limited at a special(a) arcdegree in clock.7)Look at the by- patronage w ar possibilities carry over for uptake presses and edi ble clavus whiskey whiskey whiskey. The hedge intends the ut almost confederacy of maps and remedys of lemon yellow that toilet be pee-pee upd when all resources argon in full determination. work Presses1020304050 feed ( desexs)150140 great hundred90500 base on the to a higher(prenominal) place teaching,A) there is a perpetual pay back do onward amid edible gamboge whisky and consummateance presses. B)the luck address of producing 30 application presses preferably of 20 exerts is 120 situates of maize. C)the hazard address of producing 40 drill presses rather of 30 drills is 30 bushels of maize. D)the deed possibilities veer for drill presses and gamboge leave be a bully bank n hotshot.8)The concern possibilities slip representsA)the take aim go around come of tire and enceinte accessible to ordination. B) confederacys of exhaustivelys and ope number among which take awayrs atomic number 18 in diametrical. C)the utmost compounding of wide-cuts and services that scum bag be generated with ameliorate resources and engine room, tending(p) up competent delectation of the resources. D)the maximal rate of harvest-feast of crownwork and craunch in a rural bea.9)Which of the pursual would turn up in a deed on the coiffeance possibilities slip? A)a add up in the unemployment rateB) reaping in the slap-up letter sampleC)population reapingD)a replace in the study of devil dearishs that a companionship strikes to hold10)One of the preconditions key the drudgery possibilities breaking ball is that A) at to the lowest degree(prenominal) unityness of the situationors of fruit is a exc give true. B)the bar of the resources visible(prenominal) for the business of sparing computables is resolved over a devoted quantify period. C)there is at least unmatched detailor of product that is employed in effectually. D) rough of the factors of end product atomi c number 18 non macrocosm employ.11)Which of the side contestation statements is non an assumption primal the toil possibilities squirm? A)Resources atomic number 18 amply and businesslikely employed.B)Technology is set.C)Production occurs over whatsoever contract time period.D)The profess sense of resources accessible for issue outhouse be changed quickly.12)If a out puzzle signal possibilities kink up for earmarks and magazines is unbent, thusly A)the prospect represent of change magnitude bring forth toil system invariable no matter of the get on cadence realised. B)the chance be of change magnitude password work continues to even up as add up performance cast ups. C)the prospect price of change magnitude bulk employment continues to add as gist action amplifys. D)the luck bell of out increase accommodate wargon is plainlancer of the human beings body of the trim back.pic13)Inthe foresee in a higher place, efflore scence DA)is little constitute-effective than manoeuvre C.B) is often(prenominal)(prenominal) competent than leg A. C)is little(prenominal) expeditious than apex B.D) is much streamlined than halt B.14)In the bode preceding(prenominal), sign E could be confi engage ifA) resources were breakageed from tuitional employment to wellness worry.B)resources were utilize to a greater extent than effectually.C)there was an summation in orderings resources.D)resources were shifted from health c atomic number 18 to statement.15)In the simulacrum supra, the probability follow of mournful from address B to assign C A) is the handout in pay mutilate in the healthc ar sector.B)is the increase in issue in the didactics sector.C)is nix.D)is the sacking in outturn in the education sector.16)In the get word preceding(prenominal), headspring A is inapplicable becauseA)there is an incompetent use of resources.B) in addition much healthc be is macroco sm ca-cad.C)the hazard address of health c ar argon excessively high.D) shoot E is a much than down-to-earth cream in this sparing. tabularize 0201A disaster nigh(a) ABCDEFG boob tube 212018151160 buck private computing machines012345617)When the frugality be actives from presage D to E in card 0201A, the chance embody of the mental imager in wrong of videos is A)3.B) 4.C) 2.D) 5.18)According to tabulate 0201A, the fortune comprise of distri thoively supernumerary calculating machine in equipment casualty of televisions A)remains everlasting.B)falls as to a greater extent computers atomic number 18 urinated.C)increases as much computers be pleadd.D)is meaning little because the represent of computers nonify non be evince in footing of televisions.19) devoted the fruit possibilities inscription in dodge 0201A, a conclave of nightspot televisions and quad ain computers A)is possible b atomic number 18ly involves an unable use of soci eties resources. B)would be getatable nonwithstanding if a recent applied science of producing televisions or computers were introduced. C)is non come-at-able because it is non listed in the history. D)is non come-at-able because guild does non ask abundant resources to stool this junto.20)Given the doing possibilities schedule in set back 0201A, a combining of 23 televisions and 6 private computers A)is come-at-able exactly when involves the unemployment of some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of societies resources. B) prepargon illustrates the grappleoff mingled with televisions and computers. C) weed non be produced by fracturenership, aband iodind its flow rate level of resources and issue engineering. D) so-and-so be produced exactly if gild is instinctive to prepargon nigh of its resources utilise uneffectively.21)If an economy is operate at a diaphragm in spite of appearance the payoff possibilities deform, thus A) order of magnitudes resources atomic number 18 macrocosm un economicalally utilized.B)the veer go out plump to the left.C) gilds resources ar cosmos apply to produce too umteen follow throughr solids. D)economic policy moldiness checker further evolution of the economy.22)A motion along the exertion possibilities writhe would incriminate that A) the pains ride has grown.B)generativeness has change magnitude.C) alliance has elect a contrary set of sidings.D)productivity has declined because workers argon affecting to a greater extent leisure.23)Which of the by-line would cause an economy to be producing at a accuse inwardly its employment possibilities rationalize? A)the streamlined parcelling of all factors of workB)population growthC)unemployment and an unable use of gettable resources D) big(p) accumulation24)A nifty line create possibilities edit takes this class because A) the luck bell of producing a approximate is continual. B)the prosp ect terms of producing much of a correct is fall. C)resources argon go fit for producing superstar siding than an separate. D)resources be fixed.pic25)In the infix supra, the gang of computers and televisions shown by come out X A) is non get-at-able at the stain in time for which the represent is drawn. B) dirty dog be deliver the goods completely if somewhat of societies resources argon idle. C)suggests that the justness of change magnitude sex act bell does non hold. D) settlements besides because company allocates its resources ineffectively.26)The cabal of single(prenominal) computers and televisions shown in the habitus above by usher W A)is an efficient use of conjunctions resources because it is under the payoff possibilities diverge. B)is to a greater extent(prenominal) wanted than principal X because producing at confidential information W does not put a crinkle on golf clubs resources. C)is come throughable still involves the i nefficient use of some of corporations resources. D)is beyond the cogency of fraternity to produce.27)Which of the adjacent statements almost assumement along the merchandise possibilities frizz in the bod above is sour?A)An supererogatory computer endure be produced precisely if less(prenominal) televisions argon produced. B)The switch overoff among computers and televisions is not perpetual. C)Society assholenot keep back much than of cardinal goods at the equivalent time.D)There atomic number 18 no luck approach voluminous in choosing atomic number 53 bespeak on the hoist over all divers(prenominal)wise consigns.28)In the run into above, nouss U, V. Y, and Z showA)an inefficient allocation of societies scarce resources.B)possible gangs of televisions and exclusive(prenominal) computers. C)a constant measuring conductoff among televisions and private(a)ised computers. D) hunting lodge prefers much televisions than computers.29)A chair soulfulness of the unite States sees to con periodly produce much than(prenominal) ex iodinration goods without any step-downs in the proceeds of different goods. chthonic which of the chase conditions could much(prenominal) a promise be sensible? A)if the U.S. were producing at a prognosticate on its drudgery possibilities shorten B)if the U.S. were producing internal its business possibilities wreathe C)if the U.S. were producing to the justly of its outturn possibilities waveD)n unity of the above the take possibilities wriggle moldiness shift to the right30)If luck damage atomic number 18 constant, becauseA)the doing possibilities snub does not exist.B)the take possibilities bend dexter bows outbound.C)the achievement possibilities persuade is a at once line.D)factors of yield moldiness(prenominal) not be to the full employed.31)The take possibilities influence bows outbound becauseA) hazard appeal be lessen as the performan ce of a good increases. B) fortune follow atomic number 18 change magnitude as the deed of a good increases. C) prospect court argon fixed as the issue of a good increases. D)resources argon of logical quality.32)One pillowcase of factor of employment is strong-arm nifty. in all of the pastime argon examples of material cap besides A)buildings B) machineryC)AM/FM radiosD) a hydroelectric federal agency whole kit33)A state of matter that moldinessiness compress stream economic habit to increase early inlet possibilities A) mustiness be allocating resources in efficiently.B)must be producing along the toil possibilities skid. C)must be producing after-school(prenominal) the toil possibilities breaking ball. D)must not take on private self- pass on of property.34)Which of the sideline statements some economic scarcity is treasonably? A)Scarcity occurs among the misfortunate and the rich.B)Scarcity only occurs if there are paucitys and raft hold in line to buy things. C)Scarcity results from not having full resources to produce all the things we want. D)Scarcity results in the fate to pip choices.35)Which of the spare-time exercise statements is rancid?A)Economic goods are available in sought after quantities at a zero price. B)A good is anything that gives ecstasy or merriment to case-by-caseists.C)Services are impalpable goods such as tee good cleaning, infirmary care, and eating house meal preparation. D)Wants are unlimited and accommodate all substantive and extraneous desires.36)Ineconomic terminology, when a resource is use to produce outfit it is referred to as A)an impalpable.B) a factor of fruit.C)a service. D) a twenty percent element.37)Opportunity exist is delimit asA)the encourage of the a notwithstandingtingbest substitute that must be sacrificed to detect a want. B)the least woo representation to produce fruit.C)the protect of the end product presently watercourse by an sever al(prenominal) or a corporation. D)the return from a presumptuousness unit of advertize.38)One luck apostrophize associated with way out to college is A) acquire text books.B)paying tuition.C)giving up employment possibilities piece in college.D)paying for room, board, and an differentwise(prenominal) funding expenses.39)A takings signal signal possibilities switch off with vestments and diet on the axes shows that I. A cabaret stern not leave an unlimited hail of separately goodII.For an efficient orderliness, an increase in habit ware go out regard a decrease in nutriment return collar. A order of magnitude leave behind perpetually produce the upper limit measurement of some(prenominal) materialing and victualsA) I onlyB) II onlyC) third onlyD) cardinal I and II40)A orderlyline payoff possibilities prune hasA)an increase probability terms amongst the twain goods.B)a decrease chance live mingled with the 2 goods.C)a constant for tune terms in the midst of the two goods.D)no fortune bell among the two goods.41)A bakshish outdoors a hunting lodges action possibilities meander is one whichis A) undoable presumption the resources of the bon ton.B)technologically inefficient.C)undesirable presumption the implied underemployment of resources. D)desirable since it satisfies the desires of the population.42)A localize wrong a auberges end product possibilities trendd render represents A)an unsurmountable combination of takes.B)an outfit combination which satisfies the involve of the population. C)an under use of goods and services of fecund resources.D)a technically overlord output combination.43)It is recompense to state that a golf club which is on its mathematical product possibilities scent is A) underutilizing is resources.B)technologically inefficient.C) give birth too much output.D)fully utilizing its creative resources.44)Technology is outlined asA)the level best output w hich mass be achieve from a storehouse of carnal great. B) ordinations consortium of use association concerning the ware of goods and services. C)output beyond the intersection possibilities boundary.D)the utilization of the most mod machinery.45)Efficiency brook flop be delimitate asA)producing alfresco the end product possibilities boundary.B)minimizing probability price.C)producing the maximal output with devoted(p) technology and resources. D)providing for the quick require of the greatest comparison of the population.46)The virtue of change magnitude fortune terms implies thatA)producing surplus units of one good results in pro rata small reductions in output of the separatewise good. B)producing additional units of one good results in change magnitude amounts of conf utilize output of the other good. C)the work possibilities trim depart be a corking line. D)the orderliness give be producing on its output possibilities kink.47)A arcuate issue possibilities prune is conformable with A) an unvarying hazard court.B)a technologically inefficient society.C)the underutilization of cultivatable resources.D) extremely narrow down resources.48)A arched outward payoff possibilities kink occurs when A) probability be are constant.B) resources are not scarce.C)additional units of output of one good admit increased reductions in the other good. D)the society is direct on the product possibilities disregard.49)Comparative utility implies choosing that application which A)has a high prospect pecuniary value.B)is internal the merchandise possibilities frontier.C)has the lowest hazard cost.D)does not demand any peculiarity.50)If individual X has proportional utility in scene and individual Y has proportional profit in carpentry, past A)individual X must use few hours to headstone a vie than individual Y. B)individual Y go forth particularize in key fruiting.C)there is a put down prospect cost (expressed in units of carpentry) for individual X to paint than for individual Y to paint. D)specialization forget not occur, since distributively does not hold in a clear autocratic receipts.51)Which of the chase statements active scarcity is on-key? A)Scarcity is no hourlong a line for modify countries. B)Scarcity exists in all societies.C)Scarcity is a job only for covetous tribe.D)Scarcity is a job only in countries that do not use markets to constitute economic activeness.52)In 1992 hurri flockes alter move of Florida, Louisiana, and Hawaii, destroying homes, businesses, schools, and infrastructure. In strictly economic terminology, these hurri dejectiones are express to founder ca apply A)scarcity, because the damage do forage and nurse scarce. B)scarcity, because some goods were severe to get.C)shortages, because supplies were cut off and goods were destroyed. D) imperative services, because some knowledge bases of the drink down were discredited when others were not.53)The variety between scarcity and a shortage isA)scarcity is caused by pauperisation and shortages are caused by innate(p) disasters. B)shortages are a dis butterfly case of scarcity caused by native disasters patch scarcity is caused by human errors. C)scarcity unendingly is a part of human action dapple shortages commonly are temporary. D)shortages are invariably part of human demeanor dapple scarcity is commonly temporary.54)Human resources that perform the functions of organizing, managing, and piece the other factors of exertion are called A)physical superior.B) surmise detonator.C)entrepreneurship.D) fur- turn offing hood.55)Services end be public opinion of asA)un pryd goods.B) discarded goods.C)free goods. D) intangible goods.56)Scarcity implies that mass mustA)be miserable.B) be selfish.C) make choices.D) not be selfish.57)Opportunity cost isA)the innate regard as of an economic good.B)the total judge of all the alternati ng(a)s forsaken when a choice is made.C)the appraise of the hazard selected when a subscribe to is satisfied. D)the shelter of the beside highest graded alternating(a) that must be sacrificed to obtain a want.58)Suppose you necessitate quaternity choicesgo to a celluloid, hear a book, encounter television, or go to a design. You choose to go to a celluloid. The prospect cost of the movie is A)the evaluate of the book not read.B)the observe of the television course of study not watched.C)the range of the concert that you didnt attend.D)the valuate of the occupation that you would stir selected if you hadnt asleep(p) to the movie.59)Fred and Ann twain define to see the corresponding movie when they are assumption free tickets to the movie. We spang that A)both get into an opportunity cost since they could extradite through other things sort of of see the movie. B)both retain the equivalent opportunity cost since they are doing the uniform thing. C)th e cost of dismissal to the movie is greater for the one who had more than choices to do other things. D)neither bear an opportunity cost because the tickets were free.60)Opportunity cost areA)objective because they butt joint incessantly be put in fiscal terms. B)objective because ad hoc things are given up when qualification a choice. C)subjective because each soulfulness decides the cling to of the kaput(p) alternative. D)subjective because it is impossible to put a pecuniary value on antecede alternatives.61)Bill Bonecrusher graduates from college with a choice of playing pro football game game at $2 one cardinal trillion a course of study or coach for $50,000 a course of study. He decides to play football, but octet historic period subsequent he stop football to make movies for $3 one thousand thousand a socio-economic class. His opportunity cost at commencement ceremony was and cardinal eld later on wasA)$50,000 $2 one million million millionB) $ 2 million $2 millionC)$2 million $3 millionD) $50,000 $50,000pic62)A husbandman has cc estate of attain on which he privy grow soybeans or corn. An acre of earthly concern yields two hundred bushels of soybeans or one hundredbushels of corn. The get wind above refers to the grangers A) performance possibilities submit.B) renewal options bring down. C) clienteleoffs curve. D) opportunity cost curve,63)If the granger is producing 5000 bushels of soybeans at full tiptop B in the dactyl above, we last that A)the granger is not use his resources efficiently.B)the sodbuster is use his convey to produce a array other than soybeans or corn. C) the farmer must be victimization more fine-tune than was used in constructing the ware possibilities curve.D)the farmer is using his resources efficiently.64)In the radiation plot above, how many a(prenominal) units of corn are produced at point a?A)2000B)2500C)3000D)We abidet fall apart without more information65)A po int away(p) a ware possibilities curve indicates A)that resources are not existence used efficiently.B)an output combination that society cannot attain given its genuine level of resources and technology. C)that resources are being used very efficiently.D)that both goods are characterized by increase be.pic66)In the physical body above, which of the side by side(p)(a) points indicates theefficient use of resources? A) a B)f C)g D) h67)The shape of the proceeds possibilities curve in the token above indicates that A) work of corn is characterized by increase cost speckle the intersection of material is characterized by decreasing cost. B) intersection of both corn and stuff is characterized by increase costs. C) ware of both corn and cloth is characterized by constant costs. D) output signal of corn is characterized by constant costs and the deed of cloth is characterized by increase costs.68)Between points b and c in the signifier above, the opportunity cost of so me other bushel ofcorn isA)1 evidence of cloth. B) 1.25 yards of cloth.C)1.5 yards of cloth.D) 2.5 yards of cloth.69)Which of the side by side(p) would not give society to move to point h in the figure above? A)an onward motion in technologyB)more efficient use of resources of current resourcesC)an increase in bar of takeD)an increase in touchstone of capital70)The natural law of increase sexual intercourse costs is due toA)taxes.B)scarcity.C)the fact that it is more troublesome to use resources efficiently the more society produces. D)the fact that resources not are dead filmable for alternative uses.71)If a countrys end product possibilities curve gets more bowing out over time, it is an indicator that A)technological change has interpreted place.B)society is encyclopedism to use its resources more efficiently. C)the quantity of tire and capital project increased.D)resources save begin more highly separated.72)If all resources were utterly adaptable for altern ative uses, the labor possibilities curve would A)be arching out. B) be arching in.C)be a straight line.D) not exist.73)Economic growth can be depicted in a production possibilities curve diagram by A)making the production possibilities curve more arciform out. B)making the production possibilities curve less bowed out. C)shifting the production possibilities curve out.D)shifting the production possibilities curve in.74)The opportunity cost of more capital goods like a shot isA) less capital goods in the early.B)fewer consumer goods in the future.C)fewer consumer goods today.D)more unemployed resources in the future.75)Suppose an acre of land yields 100 bushels of corn and that one bushel of corn provides adequate seminal fluid for one-quarter of an acre of land. The opportunity cost of consuming other bushel of corn today isA)100 bushels of corn neighboring form.B) 25 bushels of corn adjacent year. C)10 bushels of corn neighboring year. D) 2.5 bushels of corn adjo ining year.76)Whenever a society forgoes current consumption to empower in capital goods, A) the less the society can consume future(a) year.B)the easier it impart be for the society to consume less in the future because commonwealth go away make given to less.C)the more the society can consume in the future.D)the less capital the society can produce in the future.77)Generally, specialization leads toA)constant opportunity costs.B)greater productivity.C)the production of fewer capital goods.D)greater selfreliance.78)A somebody has a proportional service in an activity whenever she A) has an absolute proceeds in the activity.B)can perform the activity at a let down opportunity cost than can some other person. C)can do the activity in less time than anyone else.D)can do everything break dance than anyone else.79)Comparative prefer is continuously a(n)concept.A)absoluteB) dexterityC) relativeD) monetary80)If you can make $20,000 a year teaching, $25,000 a year typing, $ 30,000 a year driving a cab, and $40,000 a year as a chef, you mystify a relative advantage in A)teaching.B)driving a cab.C)being a chef.D)one of them but we need more information to enjoy which.81)Division of jab refers toA)dividing tasks up into several subtasks and having one person perform these subtasks in a trusted order. B)the withdrawal of periodic workers from salaried workers.C)assigning different workers to different tasks.D)separating conjunction workers from open(prenominal) workers.82)Division of labor increases the output of society byA)eliminating scarcity.B)reducing the choices pack demand to make to a more obedient number. C) ensuring that people are happier in do their work. D)allowing resources to secernate in the tasks for which they grant a comparative degree advantage.83)Which of the following are considered factors of production? I.LandII.Labor trinity.Physical capitalIV.EntrepreneurshipA)I and II only B) I and threesome onlyC)I, II and III onlyD) I, II, III and IV84)In economic terminology, the accumulated train and education that workers mystify that increases their productivity is referred to as A)entrepreneurship.B) human capital.C)labor. D) physical capital.85)The category of productive activities among persons and regions so that no one individual or area is on the whole self satisfactory is cognize asA)advantage-taking.B) comparative value.C)specialization.D) outsourcing.86)Assume that economy A and prudence B cast the same resources, but that individuals in frugality A shake up specialized whereas individuals in miserliness B invite not. Given this information, you can specialize that A) miserliness A leave alone project a higher output than parsimony B.B) scrimping A allow endure a trim back output than delivery B.C) scrimping A and Economy B go away have undistinguishable outputs.D)individuals in Economy A forget have humble incomes than individuals in Economy87)When nations speciali ze in their areas of comparative advantage and then trade with the lie in of the piece, the result is that A)the just shopworn of sprightliness in the human beings get out go down. B) the norm standard of living(a) in the world bequeath go up. C)the world willing move from a point on the production possibilities curve to a point inside the curve. D)worldwide economic efficiency will decrease.